Effect of excess boron on growth, membrane stability, and functional groups of tomato seedlings

With the scarcity of good quality water, plants like tomatoes will be more susceptible to excess boron (EB) in Mediterranean regions. The effects EB on growth, free, semi-bound, and bound (B) concentrations, macromolecules Solanum lycopersicum L. cultivar Castle Rock, were investigated this study. Seedlings exposed four levels using boric acid. results manifested that inhibited tomato total water content, photosynthetic pigments. harmed membrane stability, as seen by increased potassium (K) leakage, UV absorbance metabolites, electrolyte conductivity (EC) leaf disc solution. raised concentrations forms B seedlings. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) data revealed induced uneven wax deposition, altered shape cell walls, lowered cellulose synthesis affected amide I II indicating damage protein pools. These provide new insights into understanding specific functional groups different